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Whether you wish to create a water filter in the wilderness, or whether you intend to make one as a science experiment/project, this is how to make a water filter.
To perform this science experiment/water filter, you will need 1 500ml-2L empty plastic bottle, cotton (anything breathable which will allow water to flow, not dirt), sand (do not used coloured sand), gravel/pebbles, (optional) charcoal.
Firstly, you will need to cut your plastic bottle in half, and use the bottom half of the bottle to capture the filtered water. You now need to insert (breathable) cotton in to the neck of the bottle, to secure the contents. You now need to insert some crushed charcoal in to the bottom of the bottle, on top of the cotton. Now you need to insert sand into the bottle, on top of the crushed charcoal. Now you will need to insert gravel/pebbles into your plastic bottle, on top of the sand. Place your filter on top of the bottom-half of the plastic bottle (bottle neck facing inwards). Screw the cap on to the bottle, insert a hole into the cap, small enough for the filtered water to drip through from the filter, insert your water, done!
If you do not have charcoal, this is ok because you do not need charcoal (usually) because just using sand, baking soda (charcoal substitute), and gravel will typically work fine. It is best however to use charcoal because according to https://www.nourishedlife.com.au/article/1031749/top-10-uses-of-activated-charcoal.html With a highly porous surface, ...Charcoal is amazing at absorbing and removing harmful particles and bacteria from your body, skin, hair and even drinking water and the air.
You should always boil any water that you have filtered for around four minutes, if you intend to drink the filtered water. To ensure that any contaminants, viruses, or bacteria are removed from your filtered water. Always have an adult supervise if you are under 16 years of age, and/or are vulnerable in any way that will potentially affect your ability to safely perform the experiment.